作者：徐松

本文地址：http://www.igolfyou.cn/space-1483-do-thread-id-20721.html

引言：当我急切的想要进入那个光彩耀人的黄金时期时，却发现总是少了一点什么，萌芽时期的设计师虽然不多，但是对于设计的贡献却不仅仅是他们所作出来的，那个时代所诞生的那么多球场，很多都是在自然母亲的怀抱中孕育的，它们才应该是这个时期的主角，而最典型的代表莫过于圣.安德鲁斯。

对了，怎么可能忘掉高尔夫的麦加圣地——圣安德鲁斯，这里是每一个高尔夫爱好者的梦想之地，600多年的历史，在这里举行过无数的比赛，发生过太多的故事，而讲到这个时期对设计的贡献，永远不可能漏掉它的存在。

   圣安德鲁斯一共有七个球场，还有一些小球场，而最让人陶醉的就是老球场。老球场是现存最古老的球场，几百年的历史，却依然保留着原始的风貌，所有林克斯球场的特征都可以在这里找到，虽然后来经过一些设计师的调整，却没有失去古朴的自然风貌，说是大自然的鬼斧神工造就了它，一点也不为过。

   老球场虽然是很久以前诞生的，在它的身上却完全可以发现如今最时髦的理念的体现：战略性的、冒险的、惩罚的球洞等等，它的很多球洞都堪称经典，被后来的设计师们争相复制。它已经成为一部高尔夫设计方面的经典，大自然所赋予它的经典内涵为一代又一代的设计师们所景仰，很多设计大师都是在这里吸取营养，并融入到自己的设计风格之中，才成就了后来一个个的设计大师……。

    关于这个神秘的球场，要说的会很多很多，后人对它的研究也从来没有间断过……。网上的资料也很多很多，这里选了一篇简短的，与大家共享：

The Old Course at St. Andrews圣.安德鲁斯老球场
SCOTLAND 苏格兰

‘Anyone who raves about the Old Course after just one or two rounds there is either a liar or a fool,’ says David Fay, Executive Director of the USGA. Fay relates that it was not until he served as a referee in the 1990 Open Championship there and spent four days walking the course and watching the game’s best tack their way round it that he began to appreciate the most famous course in golf.

  “任何经过短短一轮或者两轮球以后就对老球场赞不绝口的人，不是骗子就是傻瓜” David Fay（USGA执行董事）如是说，Fay讲到，他1990年在老球场作为英国公开赛的裁判，花了四天时间去走场，然后看选手们采取的各种战略，才开始赏识到这个最有名的球场。

More than any other course, St. Andrews warrants (and of course has received) study. While the land is basically flat, it is a continuous ribbon of crumpled links land that hides much of itself from view. Many rounds are required until the player knows what is out there on every tee and, therefore, where to go and where not to go. It is only with this knowledge that the player appreciates the tremendous amount of strategy involved in playing the Old Course.

   比其它球场更胜的是，圣.安德鲁斯是学习的楷模（当然也被学习过）。这里的土地基本上是平的，连绵起伏的林克斯地带，使得自身大部分被隐藏。许多地方都需要选手知道前面是什么，哪里是可以去的，哪里是不可以的。只有掌握了这些，选手在打老球场时才能够用到各种各样的战略。

After a few holes, the overall strategy becomes apparent: Drive left (where there’s all the room in the world) and face an awkward approach or drive right (typically between gorse or out of bounds on the right and bunkers on the left) and have a simpler approach. At St. Andrews, hitting the fairways and greens does not count for a lot — one could hit every fairway and green in regulation and still not score better than 80.

   几个洞之后，总体的战略似乎变得清晰起来：向左边开球（总是有落球空间）将面临一个难的接近球；向右边开球（特别是右边是金雀花或OB左边是沙坑时）将会有一个简单的接近球。在圣.安德鲁斯，上球道和果岭并不值太多——你可以很有规律的将每一杆放在果岭或球道上，但仍然不会比80杆好。

It is important to play many rounds to encounter the full variety of hole locations. With such large, undulating greens, the hole location can significantly effect the exactness of play that is required. With the 2nd hole, for example, if the hole is left the player can attack the hole only from the right side of the fairway as the big left-to-right undulations that guard the left side of the green will thwart any approach shots from the left side. With a back-right hole location, the entire hole becomes relatively benign and forgiving.

多打几轮球，完全的熟悉球道是很重要的。拥有起伏不断的大果岭，球道的位置就会很大程度影响到击球的准确性。以2号道为例，如果选手只能从右边球道攻击果岭，这个从左向右倾斜的大果岭将会淘汰所有从左边来的球。搭配一个右后方位置的果岭，整个球道就变得相对温和宽容了。

However, the main need for many rounds over the Old Course is to encounter it in every type of wind and weather. Then the player will appreciate that every bunker can be in play, given a certain wind. With a number of the traditional out-and-back links courses, there is a particular wind that best shows off the course. For example, at Royal Aberdeen the preferred wind would be behind the player going out and against him coming home so that the less interesting and less dramatic back nine has the wind to keep the player’s attention.

可是，更主要的是要在老球场遭遇各种不同类型的风和气候。在特定的风力下，选手们会感谢每一个沙坑都可以打。在许多的传统林克斯球场中，都有一个特别适合球场的风向。例如，在Royal Aberdeen俱乐部，最好的风向是前九洞顺风，后九洞逆风，这样的话后面九个不好玩的球洞就多了几分乐趣。

At St. Andrews, however, each wind brings out different, but not necessarily better, characteristics and challenges in each hole. With the 14th, for example, the hole plays extremely long into the wind and requires the player to think his way through all three shots to negotiate the hole’s many defenses. With the wind helping, however, many of the bunkers do not come into play, but the shallow, raised green is most difficult to find with an approach shot of any length as the ball will make a mad rush for over the green. No other course adapts itself so well to all winds.

在圣.安德鲁斯，每一种风有不同的结果，不一定是好的，对每个球道的特点与挑战都有影响。以14道为例，这个长的球道在有风时，需要选手认真的思考三击的各种组合。当然，在风的作用下，很多沙坑都不是问题，但是那些浅的、凸起的果岭，就很难选择那一击，球总会疯狂的冲过果岭。没有任何一个球场像这样适合各种风。

MacKenzie noted in his book The Spirit of St. Andrews that ‘No one would pretend that the Old Course at St. Andrews is perfect.’ How true. However, the run home from the 11th tee possesses more of the ‘bests’ in the game than any stretch in golf.

   麦肯齐在他的《圣.安德鲁斯精神》中说道“没有人会假装圣.安德鲁斯老球场是完美的”这多么正确。不管怎样，从11梯台开始往回走，拥有更多“最好”的球洞，比任何别的场地都多。

  Holes to Note（球道一览）:

  First hole, 370 yards（第一洞，370码）; The fairway is necessarily wide for the most intimidating opening drive in golf. More horrific attempts to move a golf ball forward have occurred on the first tee than any other patch of turf in the world. The Swilcan Burn makes the approach shot fascinating. Many, many golfers unaccustomed to the full effects of the wind (and playing without a caddy) watch with great intent as their well struck approach shot ends up 1. not only short of the hole, 2. but short of the green, and 3. short of the Burn by some ten yards.

对于发球紧凑的梯台，球道必须要宽。在这里有一种可怕的想把球打出去的企图，比世界上任何梯台都强烈。Swilcan 小溪使得最后一击让人着魔。很多、很多的选手不习惯风的影响（没有球童时），带着强烈的意图，最终一击却常常：1.不是短了球洞，2.就是短了果岭，3.或者短了小溪10码左右

Eleventh hole, 170 yards(第十一洞，170码); The Eden is the finest medium length one shotter in golf. While the fearsome Strath and even deeper Hill bunker to the left focus the attention, the severe back-to-front slope of the green is the real terror. The authors think this style hole should have been copied more than the even more famous Redan.

伊甸球洞是高尔夫中有名的三杆洞。左面两个深沙坑Strath和Hill很是碍眼，果岭从后向前的坡度更是可怕。作者认为这个球洞被复制的次数比另外一个有名的三杆洞瑞登更多。

Twelfth hole, 320 yards（第十二洞，320码）; The game’s best short two shotter. There are so many options off the tee. Again though the green is the key – its shallow rear shelf falling away on all sides remains as fresh a challenge today as it did to Allan Robertson 125 years ago.

  高尔夫中最好的短四杆道。在梯台有很多种选择。同样，果岭是关键——它向各个方向的倾斜，在今天和在125年前Allan Robertson时一样，保持了新鲜的挑战。

  Fourteenth hole, 560 yards（第十四洞，560码）; The game’s best three shotter due to all its options. While many comment on the different ways to play the hole, don’t overlook the best green on the course. Alister MacKenzie was right when he lamented that the fearsome Hell bunker is not visible for the second shot — it would be more effective if it stared the player in the face, daring him to knock his second shot over it.

  高尔夫中最好的五杆道，由于它所有的选择。关于这个洞的评价有很多，不要忽视了这球场上最好的果岭。阿利斯特.麦肯齐是对的，他感叹第二杆看不到那个地狱式沙坑——如果选手能够看到，将更有效，选手就可以大胆的击球越过它。

  Sixteenth hole, 390 yards（第十六洞，390码）; The Principal’s Nose combined with the imaginative contouring in and around the green makes this one of the most admired medium length holes in golf. Why aren’t there more holes of this length being designed today with the same appeal?

   Principal的鼻子和果岭周围变幻莫测的造型使得这个洞成为很受赞美的中长洞。为什么今天没有更多这样的球洞出现呢？

Seventeenth hole, 460 yards（十七号道，460码）; The world’s ultimate ‘half par’ hole comes at the telling moment in the match. The fact the green is the single most focused point in the world of golf does little to calm the golfer’s nerves.

世界上终极的“半杆道”，在比赛精彩的时刻出现。事实上果岭是一切的焦点，很少让选手的神经放松过。

Eighteenth hole, 350 yards（第十八洞，350码）; Terrific finisher and much more satisfying than just another long par four hole. Birdie is a real possibility, but the player is far from guaranteed a par, as Doug Sanders can attest, thanks to the terrific green contours that Old Tom Morris instilled in the Home Green when he built it in 1869. The finest finishing holes provide for this type of two stroke swing. Most players will leave the course in a good mood, eager to return. Also, making a three here with the onlookers ringing the green is a tremendous thrill, as it is likely to be the greatest number of people most golfers play in front of in their life. After the Dunhill Cup in 1994, the authors were playing in a brisk 45 mph ‘breeze.’ The 18th was down gale and steadying oneself proved difficult as a topped tee shot into the Swilcan Burn indicated. The second ball from the tee, however, found the green and an unlikely par was saved.

  恐怖的结束洞，不过比刚才那个长四杆洞（十七道）舒服多了。抓鸟是可能的，但是选手远远不敢保证，Doug Sanders可以证明，真要感谢老汤姆在1869年做的这个恐怖的果岭。一个好的结束洞提供这样的两击，很多球手会带着愉快的心情离开，盼望下一次再来。同时，在观众把果岭围住时击球也很让人激动，很多球手一生中很少在这么多人面前击球。1994年登喜路杯后，作者们在每小时45英里的风速中打球，在18道证明了它的难度，一个好的开球进入了Swilcan小溪，第二球虽然保住了，上果岭的一杆又靠不住了。

One often overlooked aspect of the Old Course is that it can be a very, very hard golf course. In calm, soft conditions the course can be attacked with its double fairways and huge greens. In windy, firm conditions, the golfer can be ripped apart. However, unlike so many of the monstrously difficult courses built in the 1980s, the golfer remains keen for another opportunity to test himself on her.

人们常常忽略了老球场的一个方面是，她可以是一个很难、很难的球场。在无风，温和的条件下会被她的双球道和巨型果岭打倒，在有风、苛刻的条件中，选手会被撕得粉碎。即是如此，她也不像20世纪八十年代那些恐怖的球场一样，球员仍然渴望着下一次能够征服她。

The flexibility in course set-up is unmatched. It allows Ernie Els to be fully challenged one day, and a father and his family to have a highly enjoyable round the next. This fact ensures St. Andrews lasting appeal for generations of golfers to come and makes it the model against which all courses are judged.

  老球场灵活的组织是无与伦比的。它允许Ernie Els整天被挑战，然后父亲带着一家人享受一轮球。这样保证了球场持久的吸引力，使其成为别的球场的楷模。